Carbon monoxide poisoning. An occult epidemic

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a significant health threat in the United States. Smoke inhalation from fires is the most common source. History of carbon monoxide exposure and elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels should alert physicians to the diagnosis of acute poisoning. When there is no history of exposure, carbon monoxide poisoning must be considered when two or more patients are similarly or simultaneously sick. The diagnosis must be excluded by a directed history and physical examination. If suspicion remains, carboxyhemoglobin levels should be determined and oxygen therapy should be started empirically while laboratory results are pending. Prompt administration of hyperbaric oxygen may reduce the risk of death. If carbon monoxide poisoning is confirmed, the source must be identified and recommendations for correction or avoidance should be made.