Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 4, 2026

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis
Published on: August 15, 2018
Early Natufian remains: evidence for physical conflict from Mt. Carmel, Israel
Fanny Bocquentin1, Ofer Bar-Yosef
1UMR 5199--PACEA, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Passé, Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultés, F-33405 Talence, France. f.bocquentin@anthropologie.u-bordeaux1.fr
Abstract:
Prior to the establishment of farming communities direct physical evidence for human conflict was rarely reported from archaeological contexts. Here we present a case of an Early Natufian (14,500-13,000 cal B.P.) projectile, classified as Helwan lunate, embedded inside the seventh or eighth thoracic vertebra sequence of a mature middle age adult male. Due to calcareous concretion four vertebras were still in anatomical connection when uncovered by F. Turville-Petre, during his excavations at Kebara cave (Mt. Carmel) in 1931.
Related Concept Videos
Conditions on Early Earth
What is Evolutionary History?
The Fossil Record
Elastic Collisions: Case Study
Diversity of Archaea II
Diversity of Archaea III

