Postcatheterization arteriovenous fistula: CT, ultrasound, and arteriographic findings

The most common etiology of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) in the lower extremity is iatrogenic, usually from diagnostic or therapeutic angiographic procedures. The finding of a palpable groin thrill, early venous opacification on contrast-enhanced abdominal-pelvic CT, and typical findings on duplex ultrasonography establish the diagnosis. Anatomic confirmation is then made by arteriography. A case of an incidentally discovered AVF in patient presenting to the Emergency Department is presented. Radiographic findings concerning and subsequent management of this patient are then discussed.