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Related Experiment Videos

Artificial aortic valves: an overview.

Y S Morsi1, I E Birchall, F L Rosenfeldt

  • 1Tissue Engineering Research Group, Industrial Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. ymorsi@swin.edu.au

The International Journal of Artificial Organs
|August 5, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Tissue engineering offers a promising solution for heart valve replacement, addressing limitations of current mechanical and tissue valves. These novel valves, built on biodegradable scaffolds, aim for improved durability and growth potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Engineering

Background:

  • Current mechanical and tissue heart valves have limitations including structural failure, thromboembolism, limited durability, calcification, and lack of growth in pediatric patients.
  • Tissue engineering presents a potential alternative to overcome these shortcomings by creating viable, functional heart valve tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for addressing limitations of current heart valve replacements.
  • To explore the potential of tissue engineering for creating next-generation heart valves.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of morphometrically precise, biodegradable polymer scaffolds using rapid prototyping (e.g., fused deposition modeling) based on natural valve scans.
  • Seeding scaffolds with cells to allow for extracellular matrix production and tissue formation.

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  • Utilizing bioreactors with fluid transduction to align tissue microstructure in predetermined orientations.

    • Main Results:

    • Biodegradable scaffolds provide temporary mechanical support.
    • Cellularized scaffolds can develop into viable tissue structures.
    • Controlled alignment of tissue microstructure is achievable through bioreactor cultivation.

    Conclusions:

    • Tissue-engineered heart valves, despite technical challenges, hold significant potential to overcome the limitations of current prosthetic valves.
    • This approach may lead to more durable, adaptable, and growth-compatible heart valve substitutes.