5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in leukemia cell HL60

A study to explore the optimal experimental parameters and the photosensitization of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) in promyelocytic leukemia cell HL60 has been conducted, in which HL60 cells and their control groups, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), first are incubated with different concentrations of ALA in dark for different periods of time and then followed by irradiating with different wavebands for different fluences. Fluorescence microscope and spectrofluorometer have been used to detect the fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) endogenously produced by ALA. The response of the cells to ALA-PDT was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2-5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (interval between irradiation and the MTT assay is 24 h) and by flow cytometry (the length of time between irradiation and the flow assay is 30 min). MTT results will reflect the relative number of metabolically active mitochondria in the population. Propidium iodide uptake in flow cytometry will test for membrane damage. The results of parameter experiments were obtained: 1 x 10(5)/mL HL60 cell was first incubated with 1 mmol/L ALA in dark for 4 h and the maximum fluorescence of PpIX level appeared; then irradiated with 410 nm (4 mW/cm2) for 14.4 J/cm2 and maximum photodamage to membrane and mitochondrial function of HL60 cell resulted. With the normal granulocytes, such response was not detected. Therefore a hypothetical idea can be brought forward that ALA-based PDT can be used for inactivation of leukemia cell HL60 and these optimal parameters may be useful for clinical application.