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Behavioural disorders induced by external globus pallidus dysfunction in primates II. Anatomical study
Chantal François1, David Grabli, Kevin McCairn
1Neurologie et Thérapeutique expérimentale, INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France. cfrancoi@ccr.jussieu.fr
Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|August 5, 2004
Summary
Distinct basal ganglia circuits in monkeys are linked to specific behaviors like dyskinesia and attention deficits. Understanding these neuroanatomical pathways offers insights into movement and behavioral disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neuroanatomy
- Behavioral Neuroscience
Background:
- The basal ganglia's anatomical organization is implicated in movement and behavioral disorders.
- Microinjections of bicuculline into the external globus pallidus (GPe) in monkeys can induce dyskinesia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and stereotyped behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To delineate the specific anatomo-functional circuits within the basal ganglia associated with distinct behavioral changes.
- To map the connections from specific GPe sites to other basal ganglia structures.
Main Methods:
- Axonal tracers were injected into GPe sites previously shown to induce abnormal behaviors.
- Tracer labeling was mapped across basal ganglia nuclei and correlated with known cortico-striato-pallidal topography and calbindin immunoreactivity.
- The distribution of labeled neurons in the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus was analyzed.
Main Results:
- Pallidal sites linked to dyskinesia, attention deficit/hyperactivity, and stereotyped behavior corresponded to motor, associative, and limbic territories, respectively, defined by calbindin levels.
- Striatal origins of these circuits varied: posterior sensorimotor putamen for dyskinesia, laterodorsal putamen/caudate for attention/hyperactivity, and ventral limbic striatum for stereotyped behavior.
- Distinct basal ganglia output pathways involving the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) were identified for each behavior, with specific involvement of subthalamic nucleus subregions.
Conclusions:
- Discrete, partially overlapping anatomo-functional circuits within the basal ganglia mediate distinct behavioral disorders in monkeys.
- These findings suggest specific circuit dysfunctions may underlie human conditions such as Tourette's syndrome, ADHD, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
- The study provides a foundation for further research into therapeutic interventions for these neurological and psychiatric conditions.