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Decrease in neuromuscular control about the knee with maturation in female athletes.

Timothy E Hewett1, Gregory D Myer, Kevin R Ford

  • 1Cincinnati Children's Sports Medicine Biodynamics Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 10001, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. tim.hewett@cchmc.org

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|August 5, 2004
PubMed
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Female athletes exhibit greater knee valgus and medial motion during jump landings post-maturation compared to males. These changes indicate altered neuromuscular control in female athletes after puberty.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Female athletes show increased dynamic valgus angulation during jump landings compared to males.
  • Pre-maturation, knee forces and motions are similar between sexes during jump landings.
  • Musculoskeletal maturation is hypothesized to cause poor neuromuscular control in female athletes' knee joints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that musculoskeletal changes during maturation lead to diminished neuromuscular control of the knee in female athletes.
  • To compare knee joint kinematics and kinetics between male and female athletes relative to their maturational stage.

Main Methods:

  • Kinematic and kinetic analyses were used to measure dynamic knee joint control in 181 middle and high school athletes (100 girls, 81 boys).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurements included medial knee motion, lower-extremity valgus angle, and knee joint torques.
  • Three-dimensional kinematic analysis was employed to measure lower-extremity bone length.

    • Main Results:

    • Post-maturation, female athletes exhibited greater total medial knee motion and a larger maximum lower-extremity valgus angle compared to male athletes.
    • Female athletes demonstrated decreased flexor torques relative to male athletes.
    • A significant difference was observed in the maximum valgus angles between the dominant and nondominant lower extremities of female athletes after maturation.

    Conclusions:

    • Maturation alters jump landing biomechanics in female athletes, resulting in distinct kinematic and kinetic patterns compared to males.
    • Findings suggest that post-maturation musculoskeletal changes contribute to altered knee joint control in female athletes.
    • These sex-specific landing differences may have implications for injury prevention strategies in female athletes.