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Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
Published on: October 17, 2018
The biochemical basis of the health effects of exercise: an integrative view
Frank W Booth1, R Andrew Shanely
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. boothf@missouri.edu
Abstract:
Physical inactivity-gene interactions result in changes in gene expression, leading to phenotypic changes in the skeletal muscle cell. A subpopulation of those genes that show changes in expression during physical inactivity are candidates for the environment-gene interactions that cross a threshold of biological significance such that overt clinical disease occurs. AMP kinase, GLUT4 and myosin heavy chain IIx are proposed as candidates for physical inactivity-modulated genes that have an altered function that may trigger a crossing of a threshold to disease. Future experiments will be needed to test the validity of the ideas presented.
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