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Risk factors for low birth weight: a review

Javier Valero De Bernabé1, Trinidad Soriano, Romana Albaladejo

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina and Medicine School of Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
|August 6, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) remains a significant predictor of infant mortality globally. Despite existing preventive interventions targeting risk factors, the incidence of LBW has not shown a decrease.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Reproductive Epidemiology

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) is a primary determinant of infant mortality, with global incidence around 17%.
  • Incidence varies significantly, from 19% in developing nations to 5-7% in developed countries.
  • In Spain, the incidence was approximately 5.7% between 1980-1989.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the persistent incidence of low birth weight.
  • To review known risk factors and the efficacy of current interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on low birth weight incidence.
  • Analysis of established risk factors including socio-economic status, maternal health, and lifestyle.
  • Evaluation of the impact of existing prenatal interventions.

Main Results:

  • Low birth weight is strongly linked to intrauterine malnutrition stemming from placental circulation issues.
  • Key risk factors identified include socio-economic determinants, pre-existing or gestational medical conditions, and maternal lifestyle choices.
  • Despite available interventions, a reduction in LBW incidence has not been observed.

Conclusions:

  • Low birth weight remains a critical public health challenge with persistent incidence.
  • Existing interventions targeting known risk factors have not effectively reduced LBW rates.
  • Further research into novel prevention strategies is warranted to address this ongoing issue.

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