Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 23, 2026
Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
Published on: October 10, 2025
Prospective randomised controlled trial of an infection screening programme to reduce the rate of preterm delivery
Herbert Kiss1, Ljubomir Petricevic, Peter Husslein
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Vienna Medical School, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. herbert.kiss@akh-wien.ac.at
Objective:
To evaluate whether a screening strategy in pregnancy lowers the rate of preterm delivery in a general population of pregnant women.
Design:
Multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial.
Setting:
Non-hospital based antenatal clinics.
Participants:
4429 pregnant women presenting for their routine prenatal visits early in the second trimester were screened by Gram stain for asymptomatic vaginal infection. In the intervention group, the women's obstetricians received the test results and women received standard treatment and follow up for any detected infection. In the control group, the results of the vaginal smears were not revealed to the caregivers.
Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome variable was preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks. Secondary outcome variables were preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks combined with different birth weight categories equal to or below 2500 g and the rate of late miscarriage.
Results:
Outcome data were available for 2058 women in the intervention group and 2097 women in the control group. In the intervention group, the number of preterm births was significantly lower than in the control group (3.0% v 5.3%, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.6; P = 0.0001). Preterm births were also significantly reduced in lower weight categories at less than 37 weeks and
Conclusion:
Integrating a simple infection screening programme into routine antenatal care leads to a significant reduction in preterm births and reduces the rate of late miscarriage in a general population of pregnant women.
