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Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater.

H Y McSween1, R E Arvidson, J F Bell

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA. mcsween@utk.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 7, 2004
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Spirit rover discovered picritic basaltic lavas at the Gusev Crater landing site on Mars. These rocks, rich in olivine and pyroxene, expand our understanding of Martian crust composition.

Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Planetary Science
  • Mineralogy

Background:

  • The Spirit rover explored Gusev Crater on Mars.
  • The landing site features dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the composition and origin of rocks at the Spirit landing site.
  • To expand the known range of Martian crustal compositions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra.
  • Examination of magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces.
  • Chemical analysis using the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS).
  • Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Main Results:

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  • Rocks are similar but possess variable coatings and dust mantles.
  • Alteration rinds and veins are visible on rock surfaces.
  • Rock interiors contain up to 25% megacrysts.
  • Chemical and spectral analyses indicate picritic basalts with normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and FeTi oxides.
  • Confirmed presence of olivine, magnetite, and likely pyroxene.

Conclusions:

  • The rocks analyzed are consistent with picritic basalts.
  • These findings broaden the understanding of the diversity of igneous rocks on Mars.