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Internipple distance and internipple index

Alexander K C Leung1, C Pion Kao, Reginald S Sauve

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, and the Asian Medical Centre, an affiliate with the University of Calgary Medical Clinic, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of the National Medical Association
|August 12, 2004
PubMed

Insights

This study established reference standards for internipple distance and internipple index in Chinese children. Findings highlight ethnic variations in nipple placement, crucial for accurate assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Anthropometry
  • Pediatric Health
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • The internipple distance and internipple index are key anthropometric measures.
  • Understanding these measurements is vital for assessing nipple placement and potential developmental variations.
  • Ethnic differences in anthropometry are well-documented and necessitate population-specific reference data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the internipple distance and internipple index in a large cohort of Chinese children.
  • To establish age- and sex-specific reference values for these measurements in Chinese pediatric population.
  • To investigate the relationship between internipple index and age in Chinese children.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 3,290 healthy Chinese children aged 0-18 years.
  • Standardized anthropometric measurements of internipple distance and chest circumference were performed.
  • The internipple index was calculated using the formula: (internipple distance cm * 100) / chest circumference cm.

Main Results:

  • Both internipple distance and chest circumference showed a positive correlation with age.
  • The internipple index was highest in neonates and decreased significantly by age four.
  • The internipple index remained relatively stable from age four onwards, with a gradual decrease in females after age 11.

Conclusions:

  • The internipple index provides a practical method for evaluating nipple spacing.
  • Significant ethnic variations exist in the internipple index, underscoring the need for specific reference standards.
  • Accurate assessment of nipple placement requires utilizing appropriate, population-specific reference data.
Abstract

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