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Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
[Levosimendan in heart failure]
Laura Scelsi1, Carlo Campana, Stefano Ghio
1Unità Cardiomiopatie, Scompenso cardiaco e Trapianto di Cuore, Divisione di Cardiologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia. emilio.corbellini@tin.it
Insights
Traditional inotropic agents for heart failure show increased mortality and limited benefits. Calcium-sensitizers like levosimendan offer a safer, more effective alternative, improving patient outcomes and ejection fraction.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Traditional inotropic agents for heart failure are associated with increased mortality and significant side effects, limiting their clinical utility.
- A new class of drugs, calcium-sensitizers, has been developed to improve heart failure treatment.
- Levosimendan has demonstrated safety and efficacy in prior trials for various heart failure etiologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of levosimendan in patients with decompensated heart failure.
- To assess the impact of levosimendan on clinical status and left ventricular ejection fraction.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 26 patients with decompensated heart failure of diverse origins.
- Treatment administered as a continuous 24-hour infusion of levosimendan.
Main Results:
- Levosimendan administration led to improvements in the overall clinical status of patients.
- A significant enhancement in left ventricular ejection fraction was observed post-treatment.
- The study supports the positive impact of levosimendan in managing acute heart failure.
Conclusions:
- Levosimendan represents a promising therapeutic option for decompensated heart failure.
- The drug effectively improves cardiac function and clinical condition in heart failure patients.
- Further research should explore long-term outcomes and broader applications of levosimendan.
Abstract:
Clinical trials investigating traditional inotropic agents in patients with heart failure demonstrated an increased mortality rate (odds ratio 1.50; IC=0.51-3.92), high incidence of discontinuation of infusion therapy (odds ratio 0.46; IC=0.083-2.29) due to major side effects and, most of all, a limited clinical benefit (odds ratio 0.75; IC=1.42-0.08). On this background a new class of inotropic drugs, the calcium-sensitisers, have been developed. The safety and efficacy of levosimendan (Simdax) has been recently demonstrated in trials (LIDO e RUSSLAN) in patients with heart failure due to ischemic and not ischemic disease. Twenty-six patients with decompensated heart failure of different etiology have been treated with 24 hour infusion of levosimendan. In this experience the levosimendan improved the clinical status and the left ventricular ejection fraction.
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