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Microbial dynamics in oil-impacted prairie soil.

K E Duncan1, R Kolhatkar, G Subramaniam

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, 600 S. College Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA. biol_ked@centum.utulsa.edu

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|August 12, 2004
PubMed
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Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil using a landfarm approach stimulated microbial activity. This method showed success in degrading hydrocarbons, with methanogenesis playing a key role even in shallow soils.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Crude oil pipeline breaks can cause significant soil contamination.
  • Bioremediation is a promising strategy for cleaning up petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated sites.
  • Landfarming is a method that involves spreading contaminated soil in a shallow layer to enhance microbial degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a landfarm bioremediation strategy for crude oil-contaminated soil.
  • To monitor microbial activity and hydrocarbon degradation over two years.
  • To assess the role of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including methanogens, in the remediation process.

Main Methods:

  • A landfarm was created by blending contaminated soil with amendments and spreading it over uncontaminated soil.

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  • Monitoring included analysis of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria populations.
  • Soil gases indicative of microbial activity and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Hydrocarbon degraders and indicators of aerobic degradation were stimulated in the landfarm during the first warm season.
    • Methanogenesis and methanogen counts were also stimulated, indicating their role in hydrocarbon mineralization.
    • During the second warm season, indicators suggested depletion of easily degradable hydrocarbons, with residual TPH averaging 6,800 mg/kg.

    Conclusions:

    • Landfarming effectively stimulated microbial degradation of crude oil hydrocarbons in contaminated prairie soil.
    • Methanogenesis is an important microbial process in the shallow bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils.
    • While effective, the rate of degradation may decrease as easily degradable hydrocarbons are depleted.