Adnexal surgery in dogs and cats

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Ophthalmology
• Ophthalmic Surgery
• Animal Health

Background:

• Eyelid malpositions (ptosis, entropion, ectropion) can cause chronic ocular surface disease.
• Consequences include corneal ulceration, vascularization, pigmentation, and potential vision or globe loss.
• Specific breeds are predisposed due to genetic factors like abundant facial skin folds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review surgical techniques for correcting eyelid abnormalities in animals.
• To discuss treatment options for various eyelid conditions, including ptosis, entropion, and agenesis.
• To highlight the benefits of specific procedures like medial canthoplasty for lid shortening.

Main Methods:

• Surgical reduction of skin folds and brow suspension for ptosis/entropion.
• Lid-shortening procedures, emphasizing medial canthoplasty over lateral.
• Techniques for correcting lateral canthal entropion and diamond-shaped eyelids.
• Reconstructive methods for upper eyelid agenesis in cats, including flap and graft techniques.

Main Results:

• Surgical correction can significantly reduce corneal exposure and improve eyelid function.
• Medial canthoplasty is preferred for eyelid shortening due to better functional outcomes.
• Various reconstructive techniques exist for complex eyelid defects and congenital abnormalities.

Conclusions:

• Prompt surgical intervention is crucial for managing eyelid abnormalities and preventing severe ocular complications.
• Tailored surgical approaches are necessary depending on the specific eyelid malposition and breed.
• Advanced reconstructive techniques offer viable solutions for congenital and acquired eyelid defects.