Related Experiment Videos

CD14 and toll-like receptor 4: a link between infection and acute coronary events?

R Arroyo-Espliguero1, P Avanzas, S Jeffery

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario, Guadalajara, Spain.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)
|August 18, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Genetic variations in CD14 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may link innate immune responses to cardiovascular events. These polymorphisms suggest infection

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CD14 receptor is key in innate immunity, recognizing pathogens and stress.
  • Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a crucial co-receptor for CD14 signaling.
  • TLR4 activation triggers the NF-kappaB pathway, inducing inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular basis and functions of CD14/TLR4 polymorphisms.
  • To explore the clinical implications of these polymorphisms in cardiovascular events.
  • To assess the role of genetically determined inflammatory responses in atherogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CD14 and TLR4.
  • Analysis of functional polymorphisms: CD14 C(-260)T promoter and TLR4 Asp299Gly.
  • Correlation of genetic variations with cardiovascular disease development.

Main Results:

  • CD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms are linked to cardiovascular events.
  • These genetic factors suggest a role for innate immunity in atherogenesis.
  • The study explores the connection between infection and acute coronary events.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically determined inflammatory responses, influenced by CD14/TLR4, may contribute to cardiovascular disease.
  • Infection, particularly by Gram-negative bacteria, is implicated in acute coronary events.
  • Understanding these polymorphisms offers insights into cardiovascular event development.

Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...