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Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
Published on: November 21, 2013
Early-onset psychosis in youth with intellectual disability
1University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada. rfriedlander@cw.bc.ca
Background:
Accurate diagnosis of psychotic disorders may be very difficult in youth with intellectual disabilities.
Method:
The authors reviewed the assessment, treatment and follow-up of 21 youths with ID referred because of early onset of psychotic symptoms.
Results:
Just over one half of the patients had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. One third of the sample carried the diagnosis of psychosis NOS (not otherwise specified). After careful review, five out of seven of these psychotic-like cases were assessed as non-psychotic. Patients with Psychosis NOS associated with moderate or severe ID had the worst outcome.
Conclusion:
This clinical review provides important information about the identification, diagnosis and outcome of psychotic symptoms in youth with low verbal abilities.
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