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Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature
10:44

Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature

Published on: March 8, 2016

A study of the interaction between dialkyldimethylammonium bromides and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (topo) in mixed

Katarzyna Hac-Wydro1, Paweł Wydro, Patrycja Dynarowicz-Łatka

  • 1Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland. hac@chemia.uj.edu.pl

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|August 18, 2004
PubMed

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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
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Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
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Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
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A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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