Neurite growth modulation associated with astrocyte proteoglycans: influence of activators of inflammation

Of the three classes of sulphated proteoglycans produced by type 1 astrocytes in vitro and released into conditioned medium, only heparan sulphate (HS) was associated with enhanced neurite growth by sensory neurons following pretreatment of a laminin substratum. Astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) produced in the presence of certain inflammatory mediators had reduced titers of neurite-promoting activity. The low activity ACM contained inhibitors of neurite growth. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans may modulate neurite growth when complexed to constituents of the extracellular milieu either directly or by interacting with other growth-promoting or growth-inhibitory factors.