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Sewage impact on shellfish microbial contamination.

M Pommepuy1, F Dumas, M P Caprais

  • 1IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France. pommepuy@ifremer.fr

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|August 21, 2004
PubMed
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Wastewater significantly impacts coastal shellfish quality with microbial contamination. A hydrodynamic model accurately predicted contamination levels, aiding in understanding norovirus spread and shellfish safety.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Coastal ecology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Coastal zones face microbial contamination from human activities due to high population density and limited water exchange.
  • Shellfish can accumulate microorganisms from contaminated waters, posing a risk to human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of wastewater discharge on the microbial quality of shellfish in Brittany, France.
  • To validate a hydrodynamic model for predicting microbial contamination in coastal waters and shellfish.

Main Methods:

  • Monthly sampling of wastewater and shellfish (clams and oysters) over 20 months.
  • Analysis for bacterial indicators (E. coli), F-RNA phages, and noroviruses using culture, RT-PCR, and hybridization.
  • Development and validation of a hydrodynamic model incorporating microbial decay rates.

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Main Results:

  • Microorganisms including E. coli, F-RNA phages, and noroviruses were detected in effluents and clams, with no clear seasonal pattern.
  • Shellfish from sites distant from wastewater outfalls showed low microbial concentrations; norovirus was detected in only three samples.
  • The hydrodynamic model accurately predicted E. coli and phage concentrations in shellfish and indicated norovirus levels below detection limits in distant areas.

Conclusions:

  • Wastewater input is a significant source of microbial contamination affecting coastal shellfish.
  • Hydrodynamic modeling is a valuable tool for interpreting and predicting microbial contamination, including norovirus, in shellfish.
  • Model results suggest that shellfish distant from contamination sources may have levels below current detection limits for norovirus.