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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

43
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
43
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
44
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

68
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
68

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A Novel Vertebral Stabilization Method for Producing Contusive Spinal Cord Injury
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Patterns and risks in spinal trauma.

B W Martin1, E Dykes, F E Lecky

  • 1Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. bruce.martin@virgin.net

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|August 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality (SCIWORA) are more common in children under 8. Associated chest and head injuries, along with a reduced Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, increase the risk of SCI.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Traumatology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Spinal injuries in children are infrequent but present significant management challenges.
  • Understanding the epidemiology of pediatric spinal trauma is crucial for effective clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of spinal injuries in the pediatric trauma population.
  • To evaluate the risk factors associated with spinal cord injury, including age, level of consciousness, injury severity, and concomitant injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Data were extracted from the UK Trauma Audit & Research Network Database (1989-2000).
  • Relative risks of spinal injury were calculated using the pediatric trauma population as the denominator.

Main Results:

  • Spinal column fracture/dislocation without cord injury occurred in 2.7% of pediatric trauma patients.
  • Cord injury was identified in 0.56% of all children, and spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality (SCIWORA) in 0.15%.
  • Younger children (age ≤8) had a higher incidence of cord injury and SCIWORA. Increased Injury Severity Score (ISS >25) and chest injuries correlated with fracture/dislocation risk, while reduced GCS and head injuries increased cord injury risk.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal cord injury and SCIWORA are more prevalent in younger children.
  • Multiple injuries, particularly chest and head trauma, elevate the risk of spinal fractures and cord injuries.
  • A reduced Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is a significant indicator for increased risk of cord injury.