Three-dimensional ultrasound in small parts: is it just a nice picture?

For longer than 40 years, ultrasound (US) has been a widely used imaging tool in medical practice, which has proved helpful for the diagnosis and staging of diseases. Although three-dimensional ultrasound (3D) US has been available for more than 10 years, it was only through the development of the most recent computer technologies and its adaptation to ultrasound systems, that 3D US has become able to achieve the high level of sensitivity and performance necessary to be considered seriously in clinical practice. 3D US is rapidly turning into a technology with an ever-increasing range of applications in numerous fields because, among other reasons, it helps overcome some of the key limitations related to two-dimensional imaging. 3D US can be used in ultrasonography for small parts, among other medical areas. The assessment of the testicle, parotid, thyroid and parathyroid glands is properly achieved. The multiplanar presentation and niche mode are quite useful to determine the extension--inside or outside the organs-, of nodules, cysts or tumors. The volume measurement is better assessed with 3D US and given this, we can perform studies that follow growth in order to decide medical or surgical treatment. The VOCAL makes it possible to obtain a proper after-treatment follow-up of focal disorders in these small organs. Neovascularization is clearly viewed with 3D US and probably can suggest malignant origin of a neoplasm. 3D US offers a more comprehensive image of anatomical structures and pathological conditions and also permits to observe the exact spatial relationships. We are aware more studies are needed to demonstrate specificity and sensibility of 3D US in particular clinical conditions, not only in small parts but also is some other non-Ob/Gyn applications.