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International variation.

Donald M Parkin1

  • 1Unit of Descriptive Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, COURS Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, Cedex 08, France. parkin@iarc.fr

Oncogene
|August 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary

In 2000, cancer caused 6 million deaths globally. This study examines geographic cancer patterns, linking them to environmental carcinogen exposure and genetic susceptibility to inform cancer control programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Cancer represents a significant global health burden, with millions of new cases, deaths, and individuals living with the disease annually.
  • Understanding the geographic distribution of various cancer types is crucial for identifying etiological factors.
  • Key common cancers include lung, breast, colon-rectum, stomach, and liver cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the geographic distribution of approximately 20 cancer types globally.
  • To investigate the relationship between geographic cancer patterns and variations in carcinogen exposure (environmental and lifestyle) and genetic susceptibility.
  • To utilize data from migrant and ethnic group studies to interpret observed geographic patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global cancer statistics for the year 2000, including incidence, mortality, and prevalence.
  • Geographic mapping of cancer data for selected cancer types.
  • Comparative analysis of cancer rates in migrant populations and different ethnic groups within countries.
  • Examination of potential etiological factors, including environmental and lifestyle-related carcinogen exposure and genetic predisposition.

Main Results:

  • Estimated 10 million new cancer cases, 6 million deaths, and 22 million people living with cancer in 2000.
  • Identified lung, breast, colon-rectum, stomach, and liver cancers as the most common.
  • Observed distinct geographic patterns for various cancer types, suggesting environmental and genetic influences.

Conclusions:

  • Geographic variations in cancer incidence and mortality are influenced by a complex interplay of environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and genetic susceptibility.
  • Migrant and ethnic group studies provide valuable insights into the roles of environment versus genetics in cancer etiology.
  • Understanding the global burden of cancer and its distribution is essential for effective cancer control planning and monitoring.

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