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Related Experiment Videos

Complex interactions between native and invasive fish: the simultaneous effects of multiple negative interactions.

Michael D Mills1, Russell B Rader, Mark C Belk

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA.

Oecologia
|August 24, 2004
PubMed
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Invasive mosquitofish negatively impact native least chub survival through competition and predation. Smaller least chub are particularly vulnerable, facing extinction due to size-dependent interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Invasive species interactions with native species can lead to extinction or coexistence.
  • Relative body size influences the number and type of simultaneous negative interactions (competition, predation).
  • Native species may face constraints in trading fitness components, potentially leading to extinction spirals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of invasive western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) on native least chub (Iotichthys phlegethontis).
  • To determine how body size influences the interactions and survival of least chub juveniles.
  • To assess the combined effects of predation and competition on least chub fitness.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiment: Replicate enclosures with varying densities of mosquitofish and different sizes of least chub juveniles in a desert spring ecosystem.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Laboratory experiments: Assessed least chub mortality from mosquitofish predation, aggressiveness, and habitat selection in the presence of mosquitofish.

    • Main Results:

    • Mosquitofish significantly reduced least chub survival by one-third; small juveniles had zero survival in high-density treatments.
    • Predation by large mosquitofish caused 69.7% mortality of least chub in laboratory trials.
    • Least chub exhibited reduced aggression, selected protected habitats, and reduced movement when exposed to mosquitofish.

    Conclusions:

    • Simultaneous interactions with invasive mosquitofish, driven by body size differences, create a 'vice' for least chub juveniles.
    • Competition from mosquitofish reduces least chub growth, prolonging vulnerability to predation and increasing extinction risk.
    • Management strategies should consider size-dependent interactions to mitigate invasive species impacts on native populations.