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Giant lamb shift in photonic crystals.

Xue-Hua Wang1, Yuri S Kivshar, Ben-Yuan Gu

  • 1Nonlinear Physics Centre and Center for Ultra-High Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. xhw124@rsphysse.anu.edu.au

Physical Review Letters
|August 25, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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We found that the Lamb shift of excited atomic states is significantly amplified in photonic crystals. This position-dependent shift could create atomic minibands, analogous to Doppler effects in gases.

Area of Science:

  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • The Lamb shift is a small but fundamental difference in the energy of atomic states, typically studied in vacuum.
  • Photonic crystals are engineered structures that control electromagnetic wave propagation, offering unique environments for light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a general formula for the Lamb shift in multilevel atoms within inhomogeneous electromagnetic structures.
  • To investigate the impact of inverse-opal photonic crystals on the Lamb shift of excited states in atomic hydrogen.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a general theoretical framework for calculating the Lamb shift in structured electromagnetic environments.
  • Application of this framework to atomic hydrogen specifically within inverse-opal photonic crystal lattices.

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Main Results:

  • The photonic-crystal environment dramatically enhances the Lamb shift values compared to free space (vacuum).
  • A significant position-dependent Lamb shift is predicted for atomic hydrogen in these structures.

Conclusions:

  • Inhomogeneous electromagnetic structures like photonic crystals can profoundly modify atomic energy levels.
  • The predicted position-dependent Lamb shift may lead to the formation of minibands for spatially distributed atoms, mirroring Doppler effects.