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Related Experiment Videos

Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on circulating lymphocyte function.

D M Nguyen1, D S Mulder, H Shennib

  • 1Montreal Lung Transplant Program, Quebec, Canada.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|April 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) temporarily impairs immune cell function, increasing cytotoxic T lymphocytes and decreasing helper T lymphocytes. This immune imbalance may contribute to post-operative complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

  • Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is linked to immune system dysfunction.
  • Postoperative impairment of lymphocyte function is a known complication of CPB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in the phenotype and cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells following CPB.
  • To understand the impact of CPB on cell-mediated immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Collected peripheral blood samples from 10 patients before and after CPB.
  • Assayed natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity.
  • Performed phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes, focusing on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes and decrease in CD4+ helper/inducer T lymphocytes immediately post-CPB.

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  • Elevated CD8/CD4 ratio observed after bypass.
  • Impaired NK and CTL activity on postoperative days 1 and 3, which recovered after mononuclear phagocyte removal.

    • Conclusions:

    • CPB induces transient alterations in T lymphocyte populations and function.
    • Reduced NK and CTL activity suggests impaired cell-mediated immunity post-CPB.
    • These immune changes may play a role in early organ injury and infections after surgery.