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Emerging viral infections.

John R Su1

  • 1Departments of Pathology and Preventive Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. john.r.su@hitchcock.org

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|August 25, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Emerging infections are new or expanding viral diseases. This article examines nine viral agents, highlighting their emergence through habitat encroachment, travel, and accidental importation, as seen with hantaviruses, SARS, and monkeypox.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging infections are defined as newly appeared or expanding infectious diseases.
  • These infections pose a significant threat to global health due to their increasing incidence and geographic range.
  • Viral agents are a primary concern in the study of emerging infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To focus on nine specific emerging viral infectious agents.
  • To illustrate the diverse mechanisms by which emerging viral agents emerge.
  • To analyze the rapid spread, identification, and containment of emerging viral infections using SARS as a case study.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on emerging viral infections.
  • Case study analysis of specific viral agents like hantaviruses, SARS, and monkeypox.
  • Examination of factors contributing to viral emergence, including habitat encroachment and travel.

Main Results:

  • Identified nine distinct emerging viral infectious agents.
  • Demonstrated that viruses emerge through habitat encroachment (e.g., hantaviruses), air travel (e.g., SARS), and accidental importation (e.g., monkeypox).
  • Highlighted the rapid spread potential of emerging viruses, exemplified by SARS.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging viral infections can emerge through various pathways, including ecological and human-driven factors.
  • The SARS outbreak demonstrated the potential for rapid spread but also effective containment through cooperation.
  • Understanding emergence mechanisms is crucial for future prevention and control strategies.

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