Botanical solvents

Botanical, or plant-derived, solvents such as turpentine, pine oils, and various essential oils are used as environmentally acceptable alternatives to traditional solvents and degreasing agents. This article focuses on three lesser-known botanical solvents: limonene, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. Although data are limited, limonene, linoleic acid, and oleic acid are likely of low toxicity. Mild skin irritation may occur from exposure to these compounds, and oxidation products of limonene may produce dermal sensitization. Limonene, and possibly linoleic and oleic acids, may have irritative and bronchoconstrictive airway effects; however, data are scant and more studies are required.