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Botanical solvents.

Christopher DeWitt¹, Vikhyat Bebarta

¹Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA. Christopher.Dewitt@rmpdc.org

Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine

|August 25, 2004

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Three plant-derived solvents—limonene, oleic acid, and linoleic acid—show potential as eco-friendly alternatives. While generally low in toxicity, they may cause skin irritation and potential respiratory effects, warranting further investigation.

Area of Science:

Environmental chemistry
Toxicology
Dermatology

Background:

Botanical solvents offer eco-friendly alternatives to traditional degreasing agents.
Turpentine, pine oils, and essential oils are common examples.
Limonene, oleic acid, and linoleic acid represent lesser-known botanical solvent options.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the limited available data on the toxicity and potential health effects of limonene, oleic acid, and linoleic acid.
To assess their safety as botanical solvents.
To identify areas where further research is needed.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on limonene, oleic acid, and linoleic acid.
Analysis of reported toxicological data, including skin and respiratory effects.

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Assessment of data limitations and research gaps.

Main Results:

Limonene, oleic acid, and linoleic acid are likely of low toxicity.
Mild skin irritation is a potential adverse effect.
Oxidation products of limonene may cause dermal sensitization.
Potential for irritative and bronchoconstrictive airway effects exists for limonene, and possibly oleic and linoleic acids.

Conclusions:

Limonene, oleic acid, and linoleic acid show promise as environmentally acceptable solvents.
Further research is essential to fully understand their toxicological profiles, especially regarding respiratory effects and sensitization.
More studies are required to confirm their safety for widespread use.