Understanding nystagmus

Nystagmus is one of the more-common, yet least-understood, neuro-ophthalmic findings in the clinical setting, affecting one in every 5,000 to 10,000 individuals. Several electrodiagnostic techniques are available for characterizing congenital nystagmus, as well as for differentiating it from pathological forms. Ruling out central nervous system involvement is critical. A variety of treatments--including contact lenses, optical aids, vision therapy, biofeedback, pharmaceuticals, surgery, and low-vision rehabilitation--are available to nystagmus patients to improve visual functioning. Eye care practitioners should be familiar with this condition, its differential diagnoses, and strategies for management.

A comprehensive guide for clinical management of nystagmus is presented. Concerns such as differentiating congenital nystagmus from acquired nystagmus and management techniques for both forms of nystagmus are described. Myths of congenital nystagmus are dispelled, while newer theories are reinforced by the presentation of current research.

Although nystagmus is a complicated entity, the optometric practitioner can successfully manage cases by using principles of diagnosis and being aware of the unique problems associated with nystagmus.