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Complement C7 deficiency presenting as recurrent aseptic meningitis.

Michael Corvini1, Christopher Randolph, Steven I Aronin

  • 1Waterbury Hospital Health Center, Waterbury, Connecticut 06721, USA.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|August 27, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Individuals with complement deficiency, a rare inherited disorder, face increased risk of infection. Early screening and management are crucial for preventing serious conditions like meningococcal meningitis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Complement deficiency states are rare inherited disorders.
  • These deficiencies predispose individuals to angioedema, collagen vascular disease, and infections, particularly from encapsulated organisms like Neisseria meningitidis.

Observation:

  • A 36-year-old man of Irish descent experienced recurrent culture-negative neutrophilic meningitis.
  • His second episode presented with a rash suggestive of meningococcal infection, prompting further immunologic evaluation.

Findings:

  • Immunologic evaluation revealed an undetectable CH50 level and undetectable C7 complement component.
  • Further testing confirmed C7 deficiency in his sister, indicating an inherited condition.

Implications:

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  • Individuals with collagen vascular disease and systemic neisserial infections should be screened for complement deficiencies.
  • Management of complement-deficient hosts involves counseling, education on meningococcal infection, and considering chemoprophylaxis and immunoprophylaxis.