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Related Experiment Videos

[H2S, a new neuromodulator].

Pierre Kamoun1

  • 1Laboratoire de Biochimie médicale B, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France. pierre.kamoun@nck.ap-hop-paris.fr

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|August 27, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced by three enzymes, with different enzymes dominant in various tissues. Urinary thiosulfate levels indicate H2S production, which impacts neurological and cardiovascular functions.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter with critical physiological roles.
  • Its synthesis and catabolism involve specific enzymes and cellular locations.
  • Dysregulation of H2S is implicated in neurological disorders.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the enzymatic pathways of H2S formation and degradation.
  • To identify key tissues involved in H2S biosynthesis.
  • To explore the physiological functions and pathological relevance of H2S.

Summary:

  • H2S is synthesized from cyst(e)ine via cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST).
  • Tissue-specific synthesis: CBS in the brain, cystathionase in liver/kidney/enterocytes/vascular smooth muscle, and 3-MST in cardiac tissue.

Related Experiment Videos

  • H2S is catabolized in mitochondria by thiosulfate reductase, with sulfite oxidase further processing sulfite to sulfate.
  • Urinary thiosulfate and erythrocyte sulfhemoglobin levels are key biomarkers for H2S biosynthesis.
  • Physiological roles include neuromodulation (NMDA receptor potentiation) and vasodilation (KATP channel activation).
  • Reduced brain H2S in Alzheimer's disease is linked to CBS activator changes.
  • Overproduction in Down's syndrome may stem from elevated CBS due to its gene location on chromosome 21.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of H2S metabolism and function.
    • Highlights the link between H2S dysregulation and neurodegenerative diseases.
    • Establishes biomarkers for monitoring H2S production.
    • Offers insights into potential therapeutic targets for conditions involving H2S imbalance.