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Bioactive metals: preparation and properties.

T Kokubo1, H M Kim, M Kawashita

  • 1Research Institute of Science and Technology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
|August 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Bioactive ceramics bond to bone but lack strength for high-load applications. Modified titanium and tantalum metals form apatite layers, enabling strong bone bonding for improved orthopedic implants.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Engineering
  • Materials Chemistry

Background:

  • Bioactive ceramics like Bioglass bond to bone via an apatite layer but have insufficient fracture toughness for high-load applications.
  • Titanium and its alloys offer high fracture toughness but lack inherent bioactivity for direct bone bonding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a surface treatment for titanium and tantalum metals to enhance their bioactivity and bone bonding capabilities.
  • To investigate the potential of modified titanium and tantalum as load-bearing orthopedic implant materials.

Main Methods:

  • Titanium and tantalum metals were treated with NaOH solution and heat treatment to form a sodium titanate/tantalate layer.
  • The surface layer's transformation in simulated body fluid was analyzed, involving ion exchange and apatite layer formation.

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  • Mechanical properties of treated metals were assessed to ensure no adverse effects on strength.

    • Main Results:

    • The surface treatment created a sodium titanate/tantalate layer that facilitated ion exchange and the formation of a bone-like apatite layer.
    • Treated titanium and tantalum metals demonstrated tight bonding to surrounding bone tissue through the newly formed apatite layer.
    • The chemical and thermal treatments did not compromise the mechanical integrity of the base metals.

    Conclusions:

    • Modified titanium and tantalum metals can achieve bioactive bone bonding, overcoming limitations of traditional bioactive ceramics.
    • These surface-treated metals show promise for use in high-load orthopedic applications, such as artificial hip joints.
    • The developed surface modification strategy offers a pathway for creating advanced orthopedic implant materials.