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Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis using a professional role orientation inventory as an example.

Laura L Swisher1, Jason W Beckstead, Muriel J Bebeau

  • 1School of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 North Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 77, Tampa, FL 33612-4766, USA. LSwisher@hsc.usf.edu

Physical Therapy
|August 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) enhances understanding of survey instruments like the Professional Role Orientation Inventory for Physical Therapists (PROI-PT). CFA provides deeper psychometric insights than exploratory factor analysis for physical therapist professionalism research.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Physical Therapy Research
  • Survey Instrument Development

Background:

  • The Professional Role Orientation Inventory for Physical Therapists (PROI-PT) is a survey instrument designed to measure individual differences in professional role orientation.
  • Traditional exploratory factor analysis (EFA) offers initial insights into survey instrument structures.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provides a more rigorous method for evaluating and refining these structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) can offer deeper insights into survey instruments compared to exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
  • To illustrate the application of CFA using the Professional Role Orientation Inventory for Physical Therapists (PROI-PT) as an example.
  • To refine the PROI-PT and improve its psychometric properties, specifically internal consistency.

Main Methods:

  • A mail survey was distributed to 2,000 members of the American Physical Therapy Association, with 503 respondents.
  • An adapted 40-item Likert-scale version of the PROI-PT, assessing authority, responsibility, agency, and autonomy, was utilized.
  • Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to assess the factorial validity of the PROI-PT.

Main Results:

  • Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used as an initial step to explore the factor structure of the PROI-PT.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was subsequently applied to test the hypothesized factor structure.
  • CFA identified areas for refinement in the PROI-PT to enhance its internal consistency and overall psychometric quality.

Conclusions:

  • While the PROI-PT requires further refinement, it has the potential to yield valid and reliable measurements of professionalism in physical therapists.
  • Improved measurement of individual differences in professionalism can enhance the understanding of psychosocial aspects in physical therapist practice.
  • Researchers studying psychosocial constructs in physical therapy can benefit from employing both EFA and CFA techniques.