Minireview: RET: normal and abnormal functions

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Genetics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The RET gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth and differentiation.
• RET alterations are oncogenic, leading to various thyroid cancers, including papillary and medullary thyroid carcinoma.
• Germline mutations in RET are causative for inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review mechanisms of RET oncogenic conversion.
• To discuss RET targeting as a therapeutic strategy for thyroid cancer.
• To provide an overview of RET's role in thyroid tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on RET gene function.
• Analysis of data on RET mutations and their clinical implications.
• Synthesis of information on RET-targeted therapies.

Main Results:

• RET oncogenic conversion occurs through various mechanisms, including mutations and fusions.
• RET alterations are critical drivers in the development of papillary and medullary thyroid carcinomas.
• Targeting RET signaling pathways shows promise in preclinical and clinical settings.

Conclusions:

• RET is a pivotal oncogene in thyroid cancer pathogenesis.
• Targeting RET offers a promising therapeutic avenue for patients with RET-driven thyroid cancers.
• Further research into RET biology and targeted therapies is warranted.