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Municipal heat wave response plans.

Susan M Bernard1, Michael A McGeehin

  • 1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

American Journal of Public Health
|August 31, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Extreme heat causes hundreds of deaths annually in the US. Many at-risk cities lack adequate heat response plans, highlighting a critical public health gap needing urgent government attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Public health policy
  • Climate change adaptation

Background:

  • Extreme heat events pose a significant threat to public health, causing substantial mortality.
  • Global climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of heat waves.
  • Despite these risks, many urban areas lack comprehensive strategies to mitigate heat-related illnesses and deaths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the current state of heat response plans in US cities.
  • To identify deficiencies in existing urban heat action strategies.
  • To underscore the need for improved governmental preparedness for extreme heat events.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of heat response plans was conducted.
  • The study analyzed plans from 18 US cities identified as vulnerable to heat-related mortality.
  • Inadequacies and omissions in the plans were documented.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of reviewed cities possessed inadequate or nonexistent written heat response plans.
  • The findings indicate a widespread lack of preparedness for extreme heat events.
  • Existing plans often failed to address critical aspects of heat wave management.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for the development and implementation of robust heat response plans in US cities.
  • Enhanced governmental attention and action are required to address the public health risks associated with extreme heat.
  • Improving urban resilience to heat waves is essential in the context of climate change.

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