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What makes vessels grow with exercise training?

Barry M Prior1, H T Yang, Ronald L Terjung

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|August 31, 2004
PubMed
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Exercise stimulates vascular remodeling through increased blood flow and shear stress, promoting vessel enlargement. Different contraction types trigger distinct angiogenesis processes, like capillary splitting or sprouting, crucial for muscle adaptation.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Exercise and muscle contractions are potent stimuli for vascular structural changes.
  • Increased blood flow velocity elevates shear stress, driving conduit vessel enlargement.
  • Vascular remodeling is essential for adapting to physical activity and muscle demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of exercise-induced vascular remodeling.
  • To differentiate between intussusceptive and sprouting angiogenesis in response to exercise.
  • To highlight the role of hemodynamic and mechanical stimuli in regulating angiogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on vascular adaptation to exercise.
  • Analysis of stimuli (shear stress, mechanical forces) and molecular pathways (VEGF, nitric oxide).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of angiogenesis types (intussusceptive vs. sprouting) under different exercise conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Exercise-induced flow increases shear stress, leading to endothelial-dependent, nitric oxide-dependent vessel enlargement.
    • Increased flow without contractions promotes intussusceptive angiogenesis (capillary splitting).
    • Chronic contractions/overload stimulate sprouting angiogenesis, involving endothelial cell proliferation and matrix degradation.

    Conclusions:

    • Vascular remodeling in response to exercise involves complex interactions of hemodynamic forces, growth factors, and cellular signaling.
    • Understanding these processes is key to comprehending muscle adaptation to physical activity.
    • Both intussusceptive and sprouting angiogenesis play distinct roles in vascular adaptation to different exercise stimuli.