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Updated: Aug 22, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Patient maintained propofol sedation for dental surgery
M R C Rodrigo1, M G Irwin, S W Yan
1Department of Anaesthesiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China. rodrigo@hkusua.hku.hk
Aim:
This study evaluated a system for patients to operate a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol for sedation.
Participants:
50 healthy adults, undergoing minor oral surgical procedures under local anaesthesia.
Methods:
Following instructions, patients were allowed to control their own sedation to comfortably undergo surgery.
Outcome Measures:
Operating conditions, degree of sedation, vital signs and patients' assessment of the technique.
Results:
Operating conditions were described as good in 47 patients and fair in 3. Optimal sedation was provided at a median target blood concentration of 2 mcg/ml (range1-3mcg/ml). 30 were sedated moderately, 16 deeply and 4 mildly. None were oversedated. The vital signs were stable in all patients. 30% of patients had injection pain and 28% became talkative. Patient satisfaction was high with 86% feeling adequately relaxed and 92% willing to use it again. 14 patients had complete and 22 had partial amnesia for the procedure.
Conclusions:
This technique combines the benefits of target-controlled infusion with patient-controlled feedback and produces safe dental sedation.
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