Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

4.6K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Profiling of the tetraspanin CD151 web and conspiracy of CD151/integrin β1 complex in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

PloS one·2011
Same author

Detailed assessment of isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy and isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the stable isotope analysis of plant and soil waters.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2011
Same author

[Enhancement of osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats by sinusoidal electromagnetic fields].

Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi·2011
Same author

Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of two 2-D layered germanium thioantimonates with transition-metal complexes.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2011
Same author

Three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking stand-alone polyetheretherketone cages.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2011
Same author

Preparation and application of a partially degradable gel in mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis.

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Vitamin A Transport Mechanisms — Linking Liver Receptors to Vision Health Through RBPR2 and RBP4 Interactions
08:18

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Vitamin A Transport Mechanisms — Linking Liver Receptors to Vision Health Through RBPR2 and RBP4 Interactions

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.4K

Cellular anomalies underlying retinoid-induced phocomelia.

Jian Zhou1, Devendra M Kochhar

  • 1Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locusts Street, 506 Jefferson Alumini Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Retinoic acid (RA) exposure during limb development causes increased cell death and proliferation in the limb bud mesenchyme. This disruption leads to truncated and disorganized long bones, a condition known as phocomelia.

More Related Videos

Generation of Retinal Organoids from Healthy and Retinal Disease-Specific Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
09:47

Generation of Retinal Organoids from Healthy and Retinal Disease-Specific Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.3K
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Vitamin A Transport Mechanisms — Linking Liver Receptors to Vision Health Through RBPR2 and RBP4 Interactions
08:18

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Vitamin A Transport Mechanisms — Linking Liver Receptors to Vision Health Through RBPR2 and RBP4 Interactions

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.4K
Generation of Retinal Organoids from Healthy and Retinal Disease-Specific Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
09:47

Generation of Retinal Organoids from Healthy and Retinal Disease-Specific Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.3K
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Teratology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Limb bud development is a complex process involving precise regulation of cell behavior.
  • Retinoic acid (RA) is a crucial signaling molecule with teratogenic potential at specific developmental stages.
  • Understanding RA's impact on limb development is vital for identifying causes of congenital malformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how retinoic acid (RA) alters cell behavior in the developing limb bud mesenchyme.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which RA induces skeletal malformations, specifically phocomelia.
  • To examine the effects of RA on cell proliferation and cell death in the chondrogenic regions of the limb bud.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a established mouse model involving maternal administration of a teratogenic dose of retinoic acid (RA) on day 11 postcoitum (dpc).
  • Analyzed the effects of RA on cell proliferation and cell death within the central core mesenchyme of the limb bud.
  • Assessed the impact of RA on the development and organization of the chondrogenic anlage in forelimb long bones.

Main Results:

  • RA treatment led to immediate enhanced cell death in the limb bud's central core mesenchyme, an area critical for chondrogenesis.
  • Contrary to normal development, RA exposure maintained a higher rate of cell proliferation in the central core mesenchyme.
  • These cellular disruptions resulted in significant truncation and disorganization of the developing long bones (chondrogenic anlage), with more severe effects in the zeugopod compared to the autopod.

Conclusions:

  • Retinoic acid (RA) disrupts normal limb skeletal development by altering fundamental cellular behaviors, including proliferation and apoptosis.
  • The observed inhibition of chondrogenesis is a secondary consequence of RA-induced cellular dysregulation.
  • RA's teratogenic effects on limb development likely stem from misregulation of growth factor signaling pathways.