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Endocrine and metabolic deficiency.

Gregory F Wu1, Laura J Balcer

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3 E. Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Ophthalmology Clinics of North America
|September 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Ophthalmologists frequently see endocrine disorders causing neuro-ophthalmologic issues. This review covers pituitary disorders, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, and diabetic eye complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Endocrine and metabolic disorders frequently present with neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations.
  • These conditions are common in clinical ophthalmology practice.
  • Recognizing these links is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common endocrine disorders with prominent neuro-ophthalmologic signs.
  • To highlight key features of pituitary disorders, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, and diabetic complications.
  • To provide a resource for clinicians managing these complex cases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on endocrine disorders and their neuro-ophthalmologic effects.
  • Synthesis of information on pituitary disorders (adenoma, apoplexy, hypophysitis).
  • Analysis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and diabetic neuro-ophthalmic complications (e.g., ischemic ocular motor mononeuropathies, diabetic papillopathy).

Main Results:

  • Pituitary disorders often manifest with visual field defects and optic nerve compression.
  • Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy presents with characteristic eyelid and orbital changes.
  • Diabetes mellitus can lead to ischemic cranial nerve palsies and optic nerve dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms are key indicators of underlying endocrine dysfunction.
  • Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential.
  • This review consolidates critical information for ophthalmologists and endocrinologists.

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