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Related Experiment Videos

Transients in sheared granular matter.

B Utter1, R P Behringer

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Box 90305, Durham, NC 27708, USA. utter@phy.duke.edu

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|September 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Shear band formation in dense granular materials depends on history. Reversing shear direction causes transients due to force network fragility, requiring particle rearrangement before re-establishing steady-state behavior.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Dense granular materials exhibit shear bands and anisotropic force networks during shearing.
  • System behavior upon reaching steady-state is influenced by packing history and the existing force/contact network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the history and evolution of shear bands in dense granular matter.
  • To analyze particle trajectories and stresses during transient states of shear.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments conducted on dense granular matter using a 2D Couette geometry.
  • Measurement of particle trajectories and stresses to probe shear band dynamics.
  • Analysis of force network evolution and particle mobility during shear reversal.

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Main Results:

  • Restarting shear in the same direction immediately reaches steady-state, maintaining quasistatic behavior due to an unchanged contact network.
  • Reversing shear direction induces a transient with decreasing stresses and increased particle mobility, as the force network is fragile to transverse changes.
  • A strong force network re-establishes after approximately 3 mean grain diameters of displacement, with steady-state velocity profiles reached after ~30 mean grain diameters.

Conclusions:

  • The history of shear significantly impacts the transient dynamics and steady-state behavior of dense granular materials.
  • Force network fragility dictates the response to shear reversal, requiring particle rearrangement for re-jamming.
  • Particle spin decreases during transients, indicating weaker grain interlocking.