T1G3 bladder cancer--indications for early cystectomy

To review our experience with early radical cystectomy in patients with T1G3 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of bladder (TCC).

Thirty patients, who underwent early radical cystectomy over a 10-year period for clinical stage T1G3 TCC bladder, were studied. Of these 21 (70%) had radical cystectomy without treatment with intravesical chemo/immunotherapy. The number of tumours, presence or absence of Carcinoma In-Situ (CIS) and the pathological stage of the cystectomy specimen were recorded in each patient. Disease specific survival was determined in the subgroups using Kaplan-Meier estimates.

Seventeen patients underwent radical surgery for a single tumour without concomitant CIS (Group A). The other 13 had multiple tumours with or without concomitant CIS or a single tumour with CIS (Group B). The disease was upstaged after cystectomy in 1 (6%) patient in Group A compared to 7 (55%) in Group B, (p = 0.009). Nine (53%) had pT0 disease in Group A compared to 0% in Group B, (p = 0.0017). The 5-year cancer specific survival rates were 92% in Group A and 82% in Group B.

In patients with multiple T1G3 tumours with or without associated CIS, or in those with single T1G3 tumour with associated CIS the incidence of the disease being already muscle invasive at the time of clinical diagnosis is 55%. Early radical cystectomy should be advocated in this group. Conversely, for a single T1G3 tumour without associated CIS, conservative bladder preserving strategy with immuno-chemotherapy and close surveillance is justified.