Prevalence and characteristics of adolescents patients with co-occurring ADHD and substance dependence

Estimates of co-morbidity of SUD and ADHD in addiction treatment settings range from 30% to 50%. The Schedule II psychostimulant medications, methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, generally considered to be safe and effective in treating ADHD in adolescent patients, may be risky for an SUD population since individuals with SUD may have a higher likelihood of abusing or diverting the medications. One hundred sixty-two adolescent patients admitted to a residential addictions treatment program were administered a structured interview concerning ADHD and psychostimulant abuse as part of the clinical psychological evaluation administered by the staff psychologist. Results indicate 31% of patients have current ADHD diagnosis and 20% reported illicit diversion of Schedule II medication. One-third of entire adolescent patient population reported prior psychostimulant abuse. Results are discussed in terms of appropriate treatment for adolescents with co-occurring substance abuse or dependence and ADHD.