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Encephalopathy associated with influenza A.

Martijn H Smidt1, Hans Stroink, Jos F M Bruinenberg

  • 1Department of Neurology, St Elisabeth Hospital, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC Tilburg, The Netherlands.

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
|September 3, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Influenza A virus can cause severe encephalopathy in children, leading to neurological deficits. Early diagnosis is crucial, even with atypical brain lesions and normal initial tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Influenza A virus is a common respiratory pathogen.
  • Encephalopathy is a rare but serious complication of influenza, particularly in children.
  • Understanding the neurological manifestations of influenza is critical for timely diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • A 3-year-old boy presented with influenza A virus-associated encephalopathy.
  • Clinical symptoms included fever, aphasia, seizures, and rapid decline in consciousness.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed by viral isolation, seroconversion, and MRI findings.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited atypical brain lesions on MRI, despite normal initial cerebrospinal fluid analysis, including PCR.
  • Influenza A virus was repeatedly isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirates.

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  • Serological tests showed a significant rise in antibodies against influenza A.

    • Implications:

    • Influenza A-associated encephalopathy can present with unusual neurological patterns and lesion distribution.
    • Normal initial MRI and CSF findings do not exclude severe neurological complications.
    • This case highlights the importance of considering influenza as a potential cause of encephalopathy in children, even with atypical presentations.