Polyethylene glycol-grafted bovine pericardium: a novel hybrid tissue resistant to calcification

Calcification is a frequent cause of the clinical failure of bioprosthetic heart valves fabricated from glutaraldehyde pretreated bovine pericardium (GATBP). An investigation was made of the grafting of different molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG 600, 1500, 4000 and 6000) via glutaraldehyde (GA) linkages to bovine pericardium (BP) and of their stability and calcification. The process of the calcification profile was studied by in vitro experiments via incubating pericardial samples in a metastable solution of calcium phosphate. Calcification of bovine pericardium grafted with PEG 6000 was significantly decreased compared to low molecular weight PEG grafts or Sodium dodecyl sulphate- (SDS) and GA-treated tissues. The mechanical properties of these modified tissues after enzyme (Trypsin) digestion and calcification were investigated. The biocompatibility aspects of grafted tissues were also established by monitoring the platelet adhesion, octane contact angle and water of hydration. PEG 6000-grafted tissues retained the maximum strength in trypsin buffer and calcium phosphate solutions. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the PEG-grafted bovine pericardium had substantially inhibited the platelet-surface attachment and their spreading. It is conceivable that high molecular weight polyethylene glycol-grafted pericardium (a hybrid tissue) may be a suitable calcium-resistant material for developing prosthetic valves due to their stability and biocompatibility.