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Human biological reactions at the interface between bone tissue and polymethylmethacrylate cement
J X Lu1, Z W Huang, P Tropiano
1Laboratoire Interface Matrice Extracellulaire et Biomatériaux (IMEB), Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
|September 7, 2004
Summary
This study found no cytotoxicity from cement fragments after long-term implantation. However, particle debris and microfractures may contribute to long-term prosthesis loosening.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Prosthesis loosening is a significant clinical challenge.
- Bone cement particles and monomer release are potential contributors to adverse tissue reactions and loosening.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cytotoxicity of bone cement fragments from prosthesis revisions.
- To evaluate tissue reactions at the bone-cement interface over time.
Main Methods:
- MTT cytotoxicity assay using L929 fibroblasts and human osteoblasts.
- Histological analysis of bone-cement interface samples from 11 patients (2-168 months post-implantation).
Main Results:
- No cytotoxicity was detected from cement extracts after 48 and 78 months.
- Histology revealed cement and prosthesis particles, fibrous tissue, osteolysis, osteonecrosis, and inflammatory cells.
- New bone formation and osseous trabeculae fractures were observed, with fractures appearing after 19 months.
Conclusions:
- Bone cement fragments showed no short-term cytotoxicity.
- Particle debris, monomer release, and exothermic reactions may cause early loosening.
- Micro-movements leading to trabeculae fractures and particle formation are implicated in long-term prosthesis loosening.
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