In-vitro apatite formation on phosphorylated bamboo

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Materials Chemistry
• Composite Materials

Background:

• Bamboo, a natural self-reinforced composite, offers potential for biomaterial applications.
• Surface modification is key to enhancing bamboo's biocompatibility and bioactivity.
• Calcium phosphate deposition is a common strategy for creating bioactive surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effect of phosphorylation surface modification on calcium phosphate formation on bamboo.
• To evaluate the role of pre-calcification in the deposition process.
• To compare different phosphorylation methods (urea-H3PO4 vs. NaOH-H3PO4) for apatite formation.

Main Methods:

• Bamboo surface phosphorylation using urea-H3PO4 and NaOH-H3PO4 methods.
• Pre-calcification treatment in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution.
• Calcium phosphate formation in simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) and accelerated calcification solution (ACS).
• Thin-film X-ray diffraction (XRD) for material characterization.

Main Results:

• Pre-calcification is an essential step for successful calcium phosphate formation on modified bamboo.
• Apatite, though poorly crystallized, was formed on bamboo surfaces in 1.5 SBF.
• The NaOH-H3PO4 method demonstrated faster, continuous apatite formation compared to the urea-H3PO4 method.
• A stronger adhesion between the formed apatite and the bamboo substrate was observed with the NaOH-H3PO4 method.

Conclusions:

• Phosphorylation followed by pre-calcification effectively induces calcium phosphate deposition on bamboo.
• The NaOH-H3PO4 method is more advantageous for achieving continuous and well-adhered apatite coatings on bamboo.
• This approach holds promise for developing advanced bamboo-based biomaterials.