Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors01:13

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors

Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fibromyalgia in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a mixed-methods study of patient and clinician perspectives.

Rheumatology international·2026
Same author

Sjögren's disease, no longer Sjögren's syndrome: considering neurologic as well as exocrine symptoms.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Comprehensive, multidisciplinary care for fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Ethical considerations of prescribing antipsychotics in the dermatology clinic.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·2026
Same author

Two-year follow-up of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: longitudinal insights on depression, anxiety, memory and adaptation in the INSPIRE cohort.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Antidepressants and bleeding risk: Expert consensus from the Association of Medicine and Psychiatry.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia: a case report.

Mariposa McCall1, James A Bourgeois

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
|September 7, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Valproic acid, used for seizure disorders, can cause encephalopathy with high ammonia levels. Discontinuing the medication and providing supportive care resolved the patient's symptoms.

More Related Videos

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice
06:35

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice
06:35

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Valproic acid is a widely used antiepileptic drug.
  • Encephalopathy is a potential adverse effect of certain medications.

Observation:

  • A patient on valproic acid for seizures developed acute mental status changes.
  • Elevated serum ammonia levels were observed, disproportionate to liver enzyme changes.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms resolved after valproic acid discontinuation.
  • Valproic acid was identified as the likely cause of hyperammonemic encephalopathy.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in patients with encephalopathy.
  • Monitoring ammonia levels may be beneficial in select patients on valproic acid.
  • This case highlights an important adverse effect of a common psychotropic medication.