Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 22, 2026

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions
Published on: February 5, 2016
Chloride-selective membrane electrodes and optodes based on an indium(III) porphyrin for the determination of
Adriana M Pimenta1, Alberto N Araújo, Maria Conceição B S M Montenegro
1REQUIMTE, Dep. Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4050 Porto, Portugal.
Abstract:
Two quasi-independent methods for potentiometric and optical determination of chloride were simultaneously implemented in a flow system, providing real-time assessment of the quality of results. A potentiometric and an optical polymeric membrane doped with the same indium(III) octaethyl-porphyrin were used as sensor ionophore. The working mechanism and the analytical characteristics of these porphyrin-based sensors with respect to dynamic range, selectivity, repeatability and lifetime are discussed. These sensors, utilised as detectors in a flow system, were applied for the analysis of chloride in pharmaceutical solutions. The quality of the results obtained was evaluated by comparison with those provided by the reference method and no significant statistical differences at the 95% confidence level were observed. The simultaneous attainment of two measurements permitted the standardisation of results in real time and the detection of failures in the procedure.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes
Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Electrodes: Overview
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in the...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

