[Thyroid gland malfunction]

Uncharacteristic clinical symptoms such as cardiac arrhythmias, restlessness, changes in weight or hair loss may signify hyperthyroidism, whereas impairment of physical or mental vigilance may be a manifestation of hypothyroidism. In many cases the diagnosis can be established only on the basis of laboratory investigations, and, on account of the difficulty in establishing a differential diagnosis, these should not be stinted. However, when it comes to interpreting findings, consideration must be given to drug interference, such diseases as the nephrotic syndrome, serious general diseases or pregnancy. In the event of pathological laboratory findings, ultrasonography and scintigraphy are helpful further diagnostic measures. Antihyperthyroid drugs, surgery or radioiodine therapy are the leading therapeutic options for hyperthyroidism. As in the case of hypothyroidism treated with L-thyroxine, the primary target parameter is titration of TSH into the normal range.