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Published on: April 5, 2011
Evaluation of lamotrigine toxicity reported to poison centers
Amanda L Lofton1, Wendy Klein-Schwartz
1Maryland Poison Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background:
Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug for the treatment of partial and generalized seizures as well as bipolar disorder. Limited published information exists describing the clinical effects of lamotrigine overdose.
Objective:
To examine the toxicity of exposures to lamotrigine utilizing national poison center data.
Methods:
Data on single-substance exposures to lamotrigine reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System in 2000 and 2001 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results:
There were 493 cases that met the inclusion criteria. The majority of exposures occurred within the age groups 20-59 years old (n = 198, 40.2%), followed by =4 years old (n = 173, 35.1%). Overall, the majority of patients (52.1%) exposed to lamotrigine in overdose experienced no toxic clinical effects. The most common clinical effects reported in overdose were drowsiness/lethargy (20.9%), vomiting (11%), nausea (5.1%), ataxia (4.9%), dizziness/vertigo (4.5%), and tachycardia (4.3%). Major clinical effects included coma (n = 6), seizures (n = 8), and respiratory depression (n = 3). Medical outcome was reported as minor in 150 (30.4%), moderate in 73 (14.8%), and major in 13 (2.6%) cases. There were no deaths.
Conclusions:
These data demonstrate that the majority of patients exposed to lamotrigine in overdose experienced minor or no clinical effects. Although rare, serious effects can also occur.
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